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Why are people moving?

93%Livelihood no longer dependable

50%Lower wages at source

42%Lack of job opportunities at source

33%Earn wages to pay back loans

32%Shelter was damaged or destroyed

8%Land related conflicts at source

8%Disaster event at source

6%Land damaged or destroyed at source

Why are migrants choosing certain destination locations?

Finding better job opportunities

99%

Finding better wages

76%

Proximity to home / village

22%

Joining other family members

Who are migrants moving with?

61%Friends

60%Other villagers

39%Contractor / employer

16%Other workers

8%Spouse

7%Alone

5%Other family members

What duration are migrants moving for?

Short-term / temporary migrant (every year for one or more months)

85%

Migrated temporarily once but don’t plan to migrate again

Migrate some years for one or more months

What livelihoods do migrants belong to at source locations?

86%

Farmers

54%

Construction workers

44%

Animal husbandry

22%

Agricultural labourers

21%

Steel plant worker

12%

Cement factory worker

11%

Transport worker

Shop / business worker

What extreme weather events are migrants facing at source locations?

69%

Drought

64%

Flooding

59%

Landslides / mudslides

49%

Excess rain

36%

Increasing cold

26%

Increasing heat

18%

Water pollution

10%

Wildfires

What livelihood impacts are migrants facing as a result of extreme weather at source locations?

87% Crop loss

82% Wage loss

32% Wage cut

31% Animal loss

25% Emplyoment related asset loss

8% Job loss

What household impacts are migrants facing as a result of extreme weather events at source locations?

90%

Food insecurity

45%

Loss of household assets

38%

Health related issues

29%

Limited or damaged access to water or sanitation

18%

House destroyed

17%

House damaged

14%

Lost access to health services

12%

Transportation routes in / out of village damaged / slowed

Communication methods slowed or lost

How are migrants coping with these livelihood and household impacts due to extreme weather at source locations?

78%

Loan from informal sources such as moneylenders

33%

Reduced number of meals

23%

Used savings

16%

Loan from formal institutions such as banks

16%

Additional family members took on jobs locally

15%

Support from family and friends

Support from civi society organizations

Children removed from school

Support from government

What external support is available to migrants during/after these extreme weather events at source locations?

51%

Emergency relief from CSOs / CBOs

37%

No assistance received

31%

Support from government

PCI empowers community-led organizations across South and Southeast Asia. PCI promotes initiatives that work deeply – and at scale – on the ground and leverage this to change systems.

Select a country view migration analyses

India

Nepal

Indonesia

Philippines

Bangladesh

Sample surveyed in Karnali